Note that most of these terms can also be used to start new paragraphs. Some useful examples of each are categorised by function below. For example, different clauses or words can signal or ‘signpost’ additional or similar information, opposition or contrast, concession, cause or effect, emphasis, clarification, or a relationship in time or sequence. Particular phrases and words serve different functions in connecting ideas and arguments. Connectives used in and between sentencesĬonnectives allow us to be more precise about the relationships between statements in a sentence or between sentences. Here we provide suggestions for sentence openers, ‘linking words’ within sentences and between paragraphs, and alternative vocabulary choices you might use when connecting ideas in writing. The appropriate use of ‘discourse markers,’ that is, words or phrases that signal a relationship, can reveal and reinforce the direction that your argument is taking, and make clear the relations between sections of your writing. Developing the language to connect ideas in academic writing will help you with both these tasks.
Often you will be assessed on your ability to do both.
In addition, you may be required to discuss and evaluate existing research or ideas about the topic under discussion. In academic writing, it is important to present an argument clearly and cohesively.
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